Bulging fontanelle in febrile infants

In a study of febrile infants with a bulging fontanelle, only one out of 153 infants had bacterial meningitis. Other diagnoses included aseptic meningitis (26.7%), upper respiratory tract infection (18.3%), viral disease NOS (15.6%), roseola infantum (8.5%) and acute otitis media (6.5%).
In this study, most infants with fever and a bulging fontanelle had benign and self-limited disease.
Bulging fontanelle in febrile infants: is lumbar puncture mandatory?
Arch Dis Child. 2009 Sep;94(9):690-2

Steroids and insulin in septic shock – more data

In a multicentre RCT of patients with septic shock who were receiving steroids (hydrocortisone) for the septic shock, intensive insulin therapy did not affect outcome but was (once again) associated with a higher incidence of hypoglycaemia. Also, the addition of (enteral) fludrocortisone did not provide benefit compared with hydrocortisone alone.
Corticosteroid Treatment and Intensive Insulin Therapy for Septic Shock in Adults
JAMA. 2010;303(4):341-348

Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome

In a prospective, observational study of 478 patients requiring an open abdomen for the management of intra-abdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome, surgical intensivists followed a continually revised management algorithm and demonstrated increased patient survival to hospital discharge from 50% to 72%, clinically significant decreases in resource utilization, and an increase in same-admission primary fascial closure from 59% to 81%.
Such a multi-modality surgical/medical management algorithm is available from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome at the link below.
Here are the main algorithms:


World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Resuscitation Medicine from Dr Cliff Reid